SAMBO
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Sambo is a relatively modern martial art, combat sport, and self-defense system developed in the Soviet Union as a style of wrestling that originated in the 1930's. Recognized as an official sport by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee in 1938, it contains techniques from judo/jujitsu and more than 20 styles of folk wrestling popular throughout the various republics of the Soviet Union at the time.
The word "Самбо" (Sambo) means "self-defense without weapons" in Russian. Initially created as a means of unarmed crowd control, Sambo was also used by domestic police and soldiers for training in hand-to-hand combat.
Sambo has its roots in Japanese judo and traditional folk styles of wrestling techniques from elements of several martial arts including Greco-Roman wrestling, Armenian jacket-throwing; Turkish kuresh wresting, “kokh,” the national wrestling of Armenia.
Sambo wrestlers differ from judo in that they compete in shoes, with trunks or singlets instead of barefoot and in pants. The kurtka is a jacket with longer sleeves than a judo gi. The belt is worn through loops that keep it in place, since the belt can be grabbed in sambo.
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The founders of Sambo were Vasili Oshchepkov and Viktor Spiridonov. They independently developed two different styles, both with the same name. Spiridonov's style was a soft, aikido-like system developed after he was maimed during World War I. Anatoly Kharlampiev, a student of Victor Spiridonov, is often officially recognized as the founder of Sport Sambo.
The most famous practioner in modern times is MMA star Fedor Emelianenko.
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